I know you might be asking: what type of value is returned by open()? For example: names_file = open("data/names.txt", "r") We are simply assigning the value returned to a variable. Now that you know more about the arguments that the open() function takes, let's see how you can open a file and store it in a variable to use it in your program. For example, if you only need to read the content of a file, it can be dangerous to allow your program to modify it unexpectedly, which could potentially introduce bugs. Think about it - allowing a program to do more than necessary can problematic. It really makes sense for Python to grant only certain permissions based what you are planning to do with the file, right? Why should Python allow your program to do more than necessary? This is basically why modes exist. 💡 Tip: The default modes are read ( "r") and text ( "t"), which means "open for reading text" ( "rt"), so you don't need to specify them in open() if you want to use them because they are assigned by default. For example: "wb" means writing in binary mode. To use text or binary mode, you would need to add these characters to the main mode. That single character basically tells Python what you are planning to do with the file in your program. The second parameter of the open() function is the mode, a string with one character. txt that follow the dot in names.txt is the "extension" of the file, or its type. Notice that we are writing data/ first (the name of the folder followed by a /) and then names.txt (the name of the file with the extension). In this example, this would be the path: open("data/names.txt") Then we need to use a specific path to tell the function that the file is within another folder. This can be used when the file that you are trying to open is in the same directory or folder as the Python script, like this:īut if the file is within a nested folder, like this: The names.txt file is in the "data" folder We usually use a relative path, which indicates where the file is located relative to the location of the script (Python file) that is calling the open() function.įor example, the path in this function call: open("names.txt") # The relative path is "names.txt" The first parameter of the open() function is file, the absolute or relative path to the file that you are trying to work with. To learn more about them, please read this article in the documentation.
There are six additional optional arguments. 💡 Tip: These are the two most commonly used arguments to call this function. One of the most important functions that you will need to use as you work with files in Python is open(), a built-in function that opens a file and allows your program to use it and work with it. Let's begin! ✨ 🔹 Working with Files: Basic Syntax
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How to handle exceptions that could be raised when you work with files.How to work with context managers and why they are useful.How to open files for multiple operations.Working with files is an important skill that every Python developer should learn, so let's get started. The handle is positioned at the beginning of the file.Hi! If you want to learn how to work with files in Python, then this article is for you. For an existing file, data is truncated and over-written. Write and Read (‘w+’) : Open the file for reading and writing.Creates the file if the file does not exist. The handle is positioned at the beginning of the file. For the existing files, the data is truncated and over-written. Write Only (‘w’) : Open the file for writing.Raises I/O error if the file does not exist. Read and Write (‘r+’): Open the file for reading and writing.This is also the default mode in which a file is opened. If the file does not exists, raises the I/O error. Read Only (‘r’) : Open text file for reading.ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam.ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys.GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys.DevOps Engineering - Planning to Production.Python Backend Development with Django(Live).
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